To what extent did the text promote socialism

Socialism is a form of governance in which political and economic ideologies rest on the concept that the society as a whore should have the responsibility to regulate production, distribution as well as exchange. This means that the power over these activities is not vested over individuals or bodies but rests on the entire society. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent did the text promote socialism? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is contrary to capitalism in which the economic processes of production, distribution and the final exchange of commodities are controlled by individuals or business entities for the sake of making profits. A review of the text The Jungle has some elements of the two systems. This question thus seeks to establish the grounds on which the text promotes socialism as opposed to capitalism. The capitalist economic system, being controlled by individuals or even entities t hat are profit oriented, is characterized by the problem of consumers being at risk of exploitations by the players in the economy. The entities in their bids to maximize on their profits will for instance be driven by the need to minimize on their expenditures in the entire production and delivery process while at the same time maximize on their revenues. Socialists condemn the capitalist system on the ground that the capitalists are not actively involved in the economy but on the contrary exploit workers and consumers for their economic gains (Blacksacademy 1). The negative effects of the capitalist form of government are identified to be one of the themes that the writer of the book dwelt on. A variety of expressions as expressed in the book are basically geared towards offering a criticism of the capitalist system that was associated with a lot of ill on the people. The writer was particular on issues that portrayed the system as â€Å"inhuman, destructive, unjust, brutal, an d violent† towards workers (Sparknotes 1). The level of greed that is realized on the side of the capitalist is even manifested in the manner in which production processes are undertaken under unhealthy conditions because the capitalists owes no responsibility to either their workers or even consumers of their products.   The writer then brings in the concept of socialism to as a perfect solution to the problems that people were facing under capitalism. Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The final presentation of socialism as a way out thus indicates the author’s motive to promote socialism. He put the two systems on either side of the extremes. While he viewed capitalism as a harm and a form of evil to the people, he unveiled socialism as a perfect solution for the problems that people were facing (Sparknotes 1). The extensive criticism of the capitalist system by the wri ter is evident in a grater potion of the book through quotes that were directly aimed at attacking the ills of the capitalist system. It majorly exposed the sufferings that people went through in the hands of the capitalists. The quote â€Å"and for this, at the end of the week, he will carry home three dollars to his family, being his pay at the rate of five cents per hour- just about his proper share of the million and three quarters of children who are now engaged in earning their living in the united states† (Sinclair 68) was for instance an illustration of low pays that forced parents to send their minor children to work. The quote is about a young kid who was forced to look for work in order to earn for a living. The tough economic condition that faced the people in this particular case forced a parent to seek a priest in altering the kid’s age on documents so that he could appear older and obtain a job. It was the hard economic situation posed by the capitali sts that pressed parents so hard to an extent that they had to use their kids for extra earnings (Sinclair 68). Another Quote, â€Å"here was a population, low class, mostly foreign, hanging always on the verge of starvation† also expressed the oppressive conditions that the people lived in (Sinclair 100). The system is again relayed as irresponsible and does not offer sufficient salaries to its workers. The low wages together with lack of job opportunities thus forced people to keep up with poor conditions. The quote, â€Å"they were beaten, they had lost the game, they were swept aside† as expressed by the writer in relation to the economic hardship that people went through also illustrate the ill nature of the capitalist system that subjected people to suffering (Sinclair 129).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent did the text promote socialism? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The t ext is thus a basic critique of the negative side of capitalism and offers socialism as an alternative to the suffering that capitalism has subjected people into. It is thus in full support of socialism as a way to save the people (Sinclair 100). The plight of immigrants as illustrated in the text Immigrants refer to people who move from their original country into another country with the main aim of acquiring permanent residence in their new country. Hard economic situations in native countries or regions play an important role in immigration of individuals to other countries that are perceived to have better conditions (Brainy 1). Immigration also formed a center of focus of the writer through the book. The people who are considered under the book were a group of individuals who moved into the country from Lithuania. The immigrants were driven by the notion that they would be able to get a better life in terms of employment conditions and wages and by the dream of having a happy life that they could not afford in their native country. The immigrants can also be said to have been driven by the overall perception of America that is viewed as a land of justice in which people are justly rewarded for their efforts in work. Contrary to their expectations, the immigrants arrive in the United States to find an extreme level of exploitation in workplaces. The immigrants came face to face with the fact that the land was full of â€Å"moral corruption, crime, and graft enabled one to succeed materially† (Sparknotes 1). The evil of capitalism which are exposed in the text with respect to the treatment of workers who represents immigrants reveals to a great extent the plight of the immigrants as per the text. The living condition that the individuals were subjected to was actually short of what the immigrants had expected in America. The quote, â€Å"here is a population, low class and mostly foreign† directly shows the way in which the immigrants liv ed (Sinclair 100). Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author’s representation of the level of suffering that was characterized by economic strain forcing people to the extent of starving gives an illustration of what the immigrants went through. According to the presentation, the immigrants were subjected to conditions that were not sufficient to sustain their well being. Even though some jobs were available, there was the issue of low wages that was hardly enough to sustain the workers. Butterly and Sherpherd defined starvation as the state in which an individual lives on insufficient food for the body. Such experience has impact on health especial if an individual is to at the same time work (Butterly and Sherpherd 30). Apart from the poor living condition that the immigrants were forced to adopt due to economic factors, they were also subjected to harsh working conditions. As Sinclair explained it, the immigrants had no choice about their work environment. He for instance argued that the immigrants were compelled do such works. The phrase â€Å"it was stupefying, brutalizing; it left her no time to think, no strength for anything† (Sinclair 129) also explains the plight of the immigrants (Sinclair 129). They were thus overworked by their employers and at the same time subjected to degrading jobs all at wages that were just but peanut. The workers pay was at the discretion of the capitalist employers who were utterly oppressive. This was before legislations such as the â€Å"fair labor standards act† were enacted to protect workers (Jobs 1). The lives of the immigrants was also described through the phrase that â€Å"they would stir beneath the burden that lay upon them† (Sinclair 129), an indication that the immigrants were neglected by the government to their own suffering (Sinclair 129). Why the text was influential in changing the practices at the meat packing industry The publication of the ‘Jungle’ formed a basis for changes in the meat industry. This sectio n establishes the significance of the book to the changes. The author, in attempt to reveal the nature of the industries made a lot of illustrations. Expressions such as â€Å"a man could run his hands over these piles of meat and sweep off handful of dried dung of rats† for example relayed the filthy state of the industries (Sinclair 128). The lack of concern to correct such hazards was also expressed by the fact that â€Å"the man who did the shoveling did not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one† (Sinclair 128). The poor hygiene in the industries was also reflected in the fact that workers had no place for cleaning their hands prior to meals and were washing their hands â€Å"in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage† (Sinclair 128). These exposed the conditions to the public leading to outcry. It is actually reported that the book is what led to legislations that were enacted in the year 1906 such as the food and drug act. It therefore directly influenced the changes that were felt in the meat industry (FSDI 1). The book drove socialists to rise for changes in the industry following its publication (Students 1). List of important quotes from the text Though the whole book is geared towards revealing the suffering that the people went through and the fact that their hope lied in socialism, there are some quotes that outstandingly expressed the writer’s point of view. The following phrases systematically reveal the opinion of the author: â€Å"But no, their bells were not ringing for him-their Christmas was not meant for him, they were simply not counting him at all. He was of no consequence –he was flung aside, like a bit of trash, the carcass of some animal† (Sinclair 154) â€Å"They had dreamed of freedom; of a chance to look about them and learn something; to be decent and clean, to see their child grow up to be strong. And it was al gone—it would never be! (Sinclair 129) â€Å"Why could they find no better way to punish him than to leave three weak women and six helpless children to starve and freeze? That was their law that was their justice! (Sinclair 154) here was a population, low class, mostly foreign, hanging always on the verge of starvation† (Sinclair 100) â€Å"Connor, the boss of the loading gang! The man who had seduced his wife-who had sent him to prison, and wrecked his home, ruined his life! He stood there, staring, with the light shining full upon him.† (Sinclair 277) All the above quotes reveal suffering directed to some group of people. The quotes significantly make a direct contribution to the theme of the book that revealed the capitalist system as a harsh and inappropriate one against the dream of America. Such extracts offers the basis of the author’s main presentation. Works Cited Blacksacademy. Durkheim’s account of socialism. Blacksacademy, n.d. Web. http://www.blacksacademy.net/content/2997.html Brainy. De finition of immigration. Brainy Quote, 2011. Web. http://www.brainyquote.com/words/im/immigration176257.html Butterly, John and Sherpherd, Jack. Hunger: The Biology and Politics of Starvation. Lebanon, NH: UPNE. Print. Jobs. Workers’ rights- wages and hours. State University, 2011. Web. http://jobs.stateuniversity.com/pages/60/Workers-Rights-WAGES-HOURS.html Sinclair, Upton. The jungle. Charleston, SC : Forgotten Books, 1935. Print. Bookrags. The jungle study guide. Bookrags, 2011. Web. http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-thejungle/themes.html Sparknotes. The jungle. Spark Notes, 2011. Web. June 2011. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/jungle/themes.html FSDI. Agency history. FSIS, 2007. Web. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/about/Agency_History/index.asp Students. Report: the jungle. Sabrinma, 2007. Web. http://students.xcp.org/sabrina/fourframe.html This essay on To what extent did the text promote socialism? was written and submitted by user Jefferson Mueller to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

biology and human evolution essays

biology and human evolution essays The earliest human life form can be traced back more than 3.5 billion years ago. Humans are said to be descendants of a single celled ancestor. Although they are different in size and shape all basic functions are alike. The more complex the organization of the cell became the more successful and developed it became. As these single celled organisms developed they became known as pre-humans. We share many characteristics with these pre-humans. Some of these characteristics include the masters of heredity DNA and RNA as well as proteins composed of amino acids, membranes or bound cells and lastly controlled cell division or mitosis, key to the daughter cells. The diversity of kingdoms is arranged into kingdoms that classify organisms from simple to complex. The traditional five kingdoms are Prokaryote, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, and Anamalia. Prokaryote is a bacterium that lacks nuclear membrane. Protoctista is a heterogeneous grouping that combines a great diversity of forms. Fungi are known for being important agents of composition they include yeast and mushroom. Plantae, are categorized as plants that use sunlight to convert to energy. Lastly Anamalia, Anamalial members are multicellular and fully mobile, they obtain their nutrients from other living things. Humans are hierarchically classified into a series of increasingly specific groups. They range from the Kingdom Animalia to the Genus Homo, the Homo Sapiens appears to be its only living representative Over a considerably large span of geological time life on earth has changed drastically. Humans and their close relatives are the most recent arrivals in the Tertiary period. The periods range Precambrian which was over 56 million years ago to Quaternary which was 1.8 million years ago to present. In this chart you will be able to see all periods ranging from Precambrian to Quaternary. (MILLIONS OF YEARS) SOME IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE 65 Apelik...

Sobek, the Crocodile God of Ancient Egypt

Sobek, the Crocodile God of Ancient Egypt The Nile River may have been Egypt’s lifeblood, but it also held one of its greatest dangers: crocodiles. These giant reptiles were represented in Egypt’s pantheon, too, in the form of the god Sobek. Sobek and the Twelfth Dynasty Sobek rose to national prominence during the Twelfth Dynasty (1991-1786 B.C.). Pharaohs Amenemhat I and Senusret I built on the already existing worship of Sobek in Faiyum, and Senusret II constructed a pyramid at that site. Pharaoh Amenemhat III dubbed himself â€Å"beloved of Sobek of Shedet† and added splendid additions to the crocodile god’s temple there. To top it off, the first female ruler of Egypt, Sobekneferu (â€Å"the Beauty of Sobek†), hailed from this dynasty. There were even several relatively obscure rulers named Sobekhotep who made up part of the succeeding Thirteenth Dynasty. Most prominently worshiped in the Faiyum, an oasis in Upper Egypt (a.k.a. Shedet), Sobek remained a popular god throughout Egypt’s millennia-long history. Legend has it that one of Egypt’s first kings, Aha, built a temple to Sobek in the Faiyum. In the Pyramid  Texts of the Old Kingdom pharaoh Unas, Aha is referred to as the â€Å"lord of Bakhu,† one of the mountains that supported Heaven. Sobek in Greco-Roman Times Even in Greco-Roman times, Sobek was honored. In his Geography, Strabo discusses the Faiyum, of Arsinoe, a.k.a. Crocodopolis (the City of the Crocodile) and Shedet. He says: â€Å"The people in this Nome hold in very great honor the crocodile, and there is a sacred one there which is kept and fed by itself in a lake, and is tame to the priests.† The croc was also venerated around Kom Ombo- at a temple complex built by the Ptolemies  and near the city of Thebes, where there was a cemetery full of crocodile mummies. A Monster in Myth In the Pyramid Texts, Sobeks mama, Neith, is mentioned, and his attributes are discussed. The Texts state: â€Å"I am Sobek, green of plumage[†¦]I appear as Sobek, Neith’s son. I eat with my mouth, I urinate and copulate with my penis. I am lord of semen, who takes women from their husbands to the place I like according to my mind’s fancy.† From this passage, it is clear that  Sobek was involved in fertility. In the Middle Kingdom-era Hymn to Hapy,  Sobek- who was the god of the Niles inundation- bares his teeth as the Nile floods and fertilizes Egypt. To further his monster-like demeanor, Sobek is described as having eaten Osiris. In fact, cannibalization of gods by other gods wasn’t uncommon. Crocodiles weren’t always seen as benevolent, however, they were  sometimes  thought to be messengers of  Set, god of destruction. Sobek helped Osiris’s son, Horus, when, Isis (Horus mother), cut his hands off. Re asked Sobek to retrieve them, and he did so by  inventing a fishing trap.

Asses the use of coconut only in brazil and how to make more Research Proposal

Asses the use of coconut only in brazil and how to make more sustainable the production of bio diesel - Research Proposal Example It is a delicate balancing act the environmentalists have been grappling with for decades, and now the world gradually seems to be heeding that call. One available option is to look for raw and renewable resources that we have at our disposal to provide much of the world with cheaper and more environmentally friendly biodiesel. This report has generated the knowledge that coconut oil is showing great promise in this area, and Brazil is a country that is potentially able to provide much of its own biodiesel in the form of its own naturally available coconut trees scattered throughout the region. The aim of the study has been to determine the feasibility of implementing a massive effort in Brazil to use coconut oil in the production of biodiesel fuel in the near future. Part of building a sustainable future for all inhabitants of the earth involves making use of the raw materials that we have today. For ages, the world’s population has been known to discard raw materials that they seemingly have no use for, yet new findings are suggesting that many such materials may unlock the mystery of how to lessen our dependence on non-renewable resources (Kumar 557). For some time now, bio diesel has been seen as one such way to provide a much needed source of energy and power to the world, yet it has required too many of the earth’s resources that we are simply unable to replenish. This is beginning to change, however, with the discovery that some of the raw materials we have in abundance, and can replenish, are able to produce bio diesel fuel in record amounts. One such possibility involves taking coconut oil and turning it into a biodiesel that can be early produced and utilized on a massive scale (Kumar 558). Brazil is one of the worldâ€⠄¢s largest sources of coconuts, so it makes sense to focus a project around Brazilian coconut oil and its potential to

It can be in firms' interests to source components they need from Assignment

It can be in firms' interests to source components they need from competitors. Explain how this can be the case and examine an - Assignment Example The ability to plough back the profits into the business operations gives the firm a competitive advantage over the competitors. Buying of the competitors products may mean the increase in the economies of scale to the firm, which buys the components. This may also come up with the risks associated with the changes in the market structure to torment the operations of the firm (Cennam, & Santalo 2013, pp. 1346-1349) The Benefits When the firm buys the component of the competitor, the firm enjoys vast economies of scale. When the size of the firm increases, the competition wrecks, since the production of the major competitor ids impeded. The competitor the economic scale increases with great efficiency of the firm to solve the huddles of the markets. The costs of operations decrease in the sense that the firm will not at the verge of strong competition to demand a lot in their production mechanism. Being able to control the market gives the firm another heightened advantage as the pric e is set by the major producer of the products. This is further motivated also by the low costs of production that the firm enjoys due to the wide base of economies of scale (Long & Wijeyaratne, 2013. pp. 21). ... More customers would be attracted to the firm’s products. This would attract more customers to buy the firm’s product (Pukeliene & Maksvytiene, 2008. pp. 40). The firm will be able to offer more benefits on its products than the competing products from other firms within the economy. This ability to deliver better services to the customers, improves the firm’s ability to satisfy the growing demands in the contemporary markets (Cummins & Xie, 2013. pp. 151-153). The firm is able to make economic profit margins by having the opportunity to choose from the best alternative due to the diverse products from the firm. The bought components of the competitor can be released to the markets at the firm’s most convenient time. This give the firm the widest base on the opportunity cost (Long & Wijeyaratne, 2013. pp. 80). The markets may demand the products, the firm is at a better position to select on the demanded product, and offer at the firm’s own set pric e. The advantage of the firm to select on the best and readily available product to sell to the market, gives the firm more profits since they sell at their own set prices. When the demand of a given product goes up, the price increases significantly (Dichter & Sala, 2012). This gives the firm an opportunity to sell it at their own set price. This increases the interests of the firm, which it can use to further control the markets based on the wide economies of scale. For example, if the firm decides to release a product, which is highly demanded for to the markets, and the difference in the profits accrued is the opportunity cost. At such a time, the value of the demanded product is higher than the actual value of the other similar products and that of the product itself when the demand is low (Spiller, 2011.

History of computing Essay Example for Free

History of computing Essay Way back in early history, when people relied mainly on their brains to perform calculations, people used their fingers, pebbles, and tally sticks for computing purposes. Various attempts were made to build general-purpose programmable computers from the same mechanical devices used in calculators. But the problems posed by the lack of technology at the time were not satisfactorily solved until the introduction of electronic computing techniques in the mid-20th century. Between Pascals invention and around 1820 there were about 25 manufacturers of calculating machines; most of them were the work of one man. Few of them worked correctly and even less actually reached the manufacturing line. In the mid-19th century Charles Babbage, a visionary British mathematician at Cambridge University, designed the first computers to perform multistep operations automatically. The technologies were entirely mechanical. He called this first computing machine the Difference Engine, and it was intended to compute and print mathematical tables automatically. The Difference Engine performed only one arithmetic operation: addition. Babbage constructed a small portion of his first Difference Engine in 1832, which served as a demonstration prototype. The first widely known general-purpose electronic computer was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) that John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert built at the University of Pennsylvania. The primary motivation for the ENIAC was the need to construct ballistic tables for the U. S. Army. Work began on the ENIAC in 1943 and in 1946 it was completed. It was an enormous machine weighing about 30 tons and filling a 30 by 50 foot room. It contained 1,500 electromechanical relays and over 18,000 vacuum tubes and when it was switched on it consumed 150,000 watts of energy. Despite its enormous size it stored only the equivalent of 80 characters of information. However, it was substantially faster than any previous computer. The idea of storing programs and their data in the same high-speed memory the stored-program concept was first put forth by von Neumann in a publication entitled, First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer). The IAS machine in its overall design is quite modern, and can be regarded as the prototype of most subsequent general-purpose computers. It had the general structure depicted in Figure 4. It had a CPU (Central Processing Unit) for executing instructions, a main memory for storing active programs, a secondary memory for backup storage, and miscellaneous input-output equipment. The IBM PC series was introduced in 1981 and quickly became the de facto standard for this class of machine. IBM made a smart decision by making the architecture of the PC open, meaning its design specifications were available to other manufacturers of computers and software. As a result of this decision the IBM PC became very popular and many versions of it, PC clones, were produced by others. Many other significant achievements have occurred in the PC era and continue to occur with the widespread use of the Internet and networked computers. Here are a few other notable historical achievements having to do with PCs: o 1976 The Cray 1 Supercomputer was the first commercially developed supercomputer. It contained 200,000 ICs and was cooled by Freon. o 1977 Apple II computer introduced. o 1979 Commodore Pet released, with 1 MHz computing power, 8K RAM, cassette deck, and 9 monitor displaying monochrome text. o 1979 The compact disk was invented. o 1982 The TCP/IP network communications protocol was established and the Internet was formed as a connected set of networks using TCP/IP. o 1982 Commodore 64 released, costing just i 595. o 1982 Compaq releases their IBM PC compatible, the Compaq Portable. o 1983 The IBM XT is released. This machine had a 10MB hard disk, 128KB of RAM, one floppy drive, a mono monitor, and a printer, all for i5000. What a bargain! o 1984 Apple Macintosh released. o 1985 Microsoft Windows launched, but not really widely used until version 3 in 1990. o 1987 IBM introduced its PS/2 System which was very successful, selling over 2 million machines in less than 2 years. o 1989 The World Wide Web (WWW) is invented by Tim Berners-Lee who saw the need for global information exchange that would allow physicists to collaborate on research. The Web was a result of the integration of hypertext and the Internet. Hyperlinked pages could not only provide information but could provide transparent access to other pages of information as well as other Internet facilities such as ftp, telnet, Gopher, WAIS, and USENET. The Web started out as a text-only interface but NCSA Mosaic, an early browser, later presented a graphical interface for it and its popularity exploded as it became accessible to the novice user. The explosion of the Web started in earnest during 1993 and in a single year Web traffic increased by 300,000%. o 1990 Windows 3. 0 introduced by Microsoft. This graphical user interface OS offered true multi-tasking, meaning you could run multiple programs at the same time. o 1993 The Pentium microprocessor released by Intel. It was only available at that time in 60 and 66 MHz versions. o 1995 Windows 95 operating system released by Microsoft. o 1995 Pentium Pro microprocessor released. o 1997 Pentium MMX (166 and 200 MHz) released. o 1997 Pentium II (233, 266, and 300 MHz) released. o 1998 Windows 98 released. o 1999 Linux, a free alternative operating system to Microsofts Windows, is estimated to be running on over 10 million computers worldwide.

Admissions Essay - Love Medicine :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay -  Love Medicine    Love Medicine is a compelling story of love, power, and pride. Its’ collection of characters all tell there own story offering different opinions and views. This variety makes the story very interesting. The reader gets to know each character very personally because of all the different views. Many of the same events are described differently by each character, as expected. But this variance allows the reader to draw his own conclusions and affords the opportunity to know the personality of everyone. The story is quite confusing, however, with the tremendously large and connected families. It seems, to the reader, that everyone is somehow related. This complexity can be extremely confusing and leaves the reader without a solid frame of reference when reading of other characters. The main character of the novel is difficult to identify. It appears to be June, but she is dead and, in fact, does not even come up very frequently in other conversation. One could argue that there ar e multiple main characters. They seem to be LuLu, Lipsha, and possibly Nector. All of theses characters come up very frequently and seem to be the most dynamic characters. LuLu is portrayed trying to gain power in every aspect of her life; at home, politically, and among her peers. And as it turns out, she does attain the level of power she aspires to. Lipsha seems secondary and passive until LuLu raises question of his ancestry. This uncertainty sends Lipsha on a journey to find the truth. And ultimately, he comes upon a satisfactory conclusion. Nector also stands out quite a bit, mostly because he is involved with so many people. Nector's transition occurs when he decides to quit Marie and dedicate himself to LuLu. Although, his plan fails when he finds that he does not have the opportunity. Contrary to what the name implies, the main theme of the story seems to be power; power to women. The men in the story are controlled, manipulated, and at times degraded. The most powerful cha racters in the novel seem to be the elders and the women. They are respected and even feared. This topic is not hidden in any way. Many of the women attest to the fact that they want the men to be subservient to themselves. There is much allegory in the story. For instance, in the beginning, the egg is to symbolize June; hard on the outside, soft and smooth on the inside.